Tag Archives: security

Latest web security problems for Facebook

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McAfee advises all users of Facebook to carefully analyze any email received from the social networking giant in the next few weeks as several users have reported receiving emails requesting they change their password. Phishing scams related to social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have become one of the best methods for cyber criminals to compromise web security.

It's especially bad if a cyber criminals gain access to a Facebook user's account because people frequently use the same password for multiple websites and accounts.

Any email received ostensibly sent by Facebook that says a new password is available in an attachment should be discarded and reported to the company. Facebook does not reset passwords in this fashion.

"This threat is potentially very dangerous considering that there are over 350 million Facebook users who could fall for this scam," McAfee wrote on its blog. "This is also the sixth most prevalent piece of malware targeting consumers in the last 24 hours, as tracked by McAfee Labs."

In recent months, Facebook has been the target of criticism for its lack of action against the spread of malware. Ira Winkler, a Candian web security professional, sent an email to the company demanding that it remove an ad spreading scareware from the site last month.

Banks boost web security with new program

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A new program designed by web security provider Trusteer allows banks to remotely access computers of its online banking users to investigate potential web and network security breaches.

Currently, banks monitor accounts for unusual activity such as random large purchases or excessive withdrawals. The new software will allow banks to quickly scan these computers to check for potential problems. Banks cannot access the computer without permission from the account holder, who must first install the program.

"Financial institutions and their customers are being targeted by purpose-built malware variants designed to evade detection and commit online fraud, specifically against their brand," said Amit Klein, CTO of Trusteer. "The Trusteer Flashlight service enables banks to counter-strike these targeted attacks."

Any malware discovery will allow the bank to monitor similar activity and prevent against future attacks from the particular strain.

At the recent RSA Conference in San Francisco, California, a web security expert for the Federal Deposit Insurance Commission reported that online banking fraud cost banks and users more than $120 million in the third quarter of 2009.

Web security breaches rock Hotmail

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Users of Microsoft's free email service are advised by the Redmond, Washington-based software giant to change their passwords and be vigilant as an increase in spam activity on the site has led to web security breaches.

Accounts have been hacked in increasing numbers in recent weeks, and the cyber criminals have used the accounts to send spam to the entire contact list of the user. Victims have also reported that their email filter settings and other custom account features were changed following the breach.

"Hotmail is seeing instances of accounts being 'hijacked' by spammers who send emails out advertising an electronics website. The spam mails usually have subjects like 'Good shopping good mood' and may go to your contact list in addition to a random list of emails," Rob Margel of Microsoft wrote on his blog.

The spammers do not change passwords to prevent real users from using their accounts, but they intend to access the address more than once. Changing the password is the only way to prevent further damage.

The origin of the malware is unknown, but the results are similar to phishing attacks that take place on Twitter. The popular social networking site recently announced phishing attacks have become so frequent that it will now scan every link posted to the site for malware.

IE8 best in web security

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Microsoft's latest Internet Explorer update, IE8 provides users with the best overall malware protection, according to the a recently released study from NSS Labs.

The study pitted IE 8 against the latest versions of Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Google Chrome and Opera 10 and found that IE 8 does far more to weed out malicious software than its competition. NSS cited Microsoft's Smartscreen Filter, which compares URLs to known malicious web addresses and warns users whenever they come into contact to a potentially dangerous program, as the feature responsible for its superior security.

"Generally, at least half of a browser's total protection was achieved in the zero hour. But, Internet Explorer 8 continued to add as much as 30 percent of additional protection over the course of the test. Other browsers added between 2 percent and 14 percent over the course of the test," according to the study.

For Internet Explorer users who have still not updated to IE8, these latest results should be reason enough. In February, at the Black Hat DC Conference in Washington, D.C., Google demonstrated a hole in Internet Explorer 6 that is not present in IE8.

Intel reveals network security compromise

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Intel, a global provider of computer chips, revealed that it was the target of a highly sophisticated network security breach in January, in its Form 10-K Annual Report to the Securities and Exchange Commision.

The company has since addressed and removed the infection from its network; the true scope and effects of the cyber attack are unknown. It is not uncommon for Intel to be targeted by cyber criminals. The company says, however, that it is rare for the attacks to be successful.

"One recent and sophisticated incident occurred in January 2010 around the same time as the recently publicized security incident reported by Google," the company states in the report. "We seek to detect and investigate these security incidents and to prevent their recurrence, but in some cases we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects."

While Intel cites that the compromise came at around the same time as Google's incident, there is nothing tying the attacks together.
The announcement comes following the discovery of the Kneber botet, which is believed to have infected more than 70,000 computers and more than 2,500 corporations worldwide.

FTC probes P2P corporate data leaks

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An FTC investigation found financial records, drivers’ license and Social Security numbers available for viewing on P2P networks. Monitor your network traffic, experts say.

The FTC this week notified nearly 100 organizations that personal information, including sensitive data on customers and employees had leaked onto peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks.

The file-sharing programs, popular with music and now video enthusiasts, have long been thought to be a pariah in many corporate networks, but apparently either poor security controls or a lack of communicating security policy to employees has resulted in a resurgence of P2P application use on many endpoint machines. The problem is as the FTC puts it so succinctly, “when P2P file-sharing software is not configured properly, files not intended for sharing may be accessible to anyone on the P2P network.”

Our site security expert, Kevin Beaver warned in a 2003 tip that P2P programs “introduce more vulnerabilities and open up more entry points to your network than many security managers ever thought possible.”

Beaver’s advice may be old, but it certainly isn’t outdated:

One of the best ways to keep up with P2P applications on your network is to know your traffic. A simple network analyzer sitting on a network hub on the public side of your firewall can show you what P2P traffic is going in and out of your network. There are P2P “air gap” and firewall products that can help control this. Some content filtering products are also now able to detect and stop P2P traffic.

Businesses should take note of the FTC alert on the P2P breaches. FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz said the FTC found health-related information, financial records, drivers’ license and Social Security numbers available for viewing on P2P networks.

Leibowitz not only issued a warning to companies, but to the developers behind the file sharing programs themselves:

“Companies should take a hard look at their systems to ensure that there are no unauthorized P2P file-sharing programs and that authorized programs are properly configured and secure. Just as important, companies that distribute P2P programs, for their part, should ensure that their software design does not contribute to inadvertent file sharing.”

The FTC said it was conducting an investigation into firms where customer or employee information has been exposed on P2P networks.

A webpage has also been established, Peer-to-Peer File Sharing: A Guide for Business, by the FTC to educate businesses about the problem.


Cisco Releases Multiple Security Advisories

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Cisco has released three security advisories to address vulnerabilities.

Security advisory, cisco-sa-20100217-fwsm, addresses a vulnerability in the Cisco Firewall Services Module (FWSM) for the Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers. Successful and repeated exploitation of this vulnerability could result in a denial-of-service condition.

Security advisory, cisco-sa-20100217-asa, addresses multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to an affected system or cause a denial-of-service condition.

Security advisory, cisco-sa-20100217-csa, addresses multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco Security Agent. These vulnerabilities may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands, view and download arbitrary files, or cause a denial-of-service condition.

US-CERT encourages users and systems administrators to review Cisco security advisory cisco-sa-20100217-fwsm, cisco-sa-20100217-asa, and cisco-sa-20100217-csa and apply any necessary updates to mitigate the risks.

Oracle Releases Security Alert for WebLogic Server Vulnerability

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Oracle has released a security alert to address a vulnerability in Oracle WebLogic Server. Exploitation of this vulnerability may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected system.

US-CERT encourages users and administrators to review the Oracle security alert and apply any necessary updates to help mitigate the risks.

Postgres Fingerprinting

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Many database servers helpfully provide version number, platform, and other salient details to just about anyone who asks, authenticated or not, which makes fingerprinting these applications a snap. However, Postgres is a little more coquettish about revealing such personal information about itself to just anyone. The best way to determine Postgres' version is to log in and just ask with a "select version()" query, but what if you don't (yet) have credentials?

Lucky for unauthenticated types, it turns out that Postgres is pretty forthcoming in its authentication failure messages. Take this example response to a failed login attempt:

0000 45 00 00 00 61 53 46 41 54 41 4c 00 43 32 38 30 E...aSFATAL.C280
0010 30 30 00 4d 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 61 75 74 00.Mpassword aut
0020 68 65 6e 74 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 61 69 6c hentication fail
0030 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 75 73 65 72 20 22 70 6f 73 ed for user "pos
0040 74 67 72 65 73 22 00 46 61 75 74 68 2e 63 00 4c tgres".Fauth.c.L
0050 32 37 33 00 52 61 75 74 68 5f 66 61 69 6c 65 64 273.Rauth_failed
0060 00 00 ..

This tells us that an error (E) was encountered related to the source file (F) auth.c, on line (L) 273, in the routine (R) auth_failed. From here, it's pretty easy to guess what happens when Postgres has a new release -- usually, things like line counts tend to change. That means we can use this error code as a handy fingerprint for pretty much every minor version release of Postgres: The above comes from version 8.4.2, but on 8.4.1, the line number is 258, it's 1017 in 8.3.9, et cetera. These differences go back at least as far as Postgres 7.4.

Metasploit (as of this morning) now supports Postgres enumeration using this technique. Check it out with a quick update. The module looks something like this:

msf auxiliary(postgres_version) > set verbose true
verbose => true
msf auxiliary(postgres_version) > run

[*] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Trying username:'postgres' with password:'?dsx)S' against 192.168.145.50:5432 on database 'template1'
[+] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Version 8.4.2 (Pre-Auth)
[*] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Disconnected
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

As mentioned at the top, if you do happen to have login credentials, you can always use those instead:

msf auxiliary(postgres_version) > set username scott
username => scott
msf auxiliary(postgres_version) > set password tiger
password => tiger
msf auxiliary(postgres_version) > run

[*] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Trying username:'scott' with password:'tiger' against 192.168.145.50:5432 on database 'template1'
[*] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - querying with 'select version()'
[+] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Command complete.
[+] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Logged in to 'template1' with 'scott':'tiger'
[+] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Version 8.4.2 (Post-Auth)
[*] 192.168.145.50:5432 Postgres - Disconnected
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

We've collected a few signatures so far; we can reliably identify pretty much all of the straight Linux builds of Postgres from 7.4.26 through 8.4.2, as well as the latest Windows build. So, in the event you run into a version/platform combination of Postgres that we haven't accounted for yet, the module will display and log the relevant signature data for an easy copy-paste. Feel free to let us know about it so we can package it up. In the meantime, I'm off to hunt down some more Postgres installs.

Microsoft Releases Security Advisory 980088

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Microsoft has released Security Advisory 980088 to alert users of a vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer. The advisory indicates that exploitation of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to harvest user credentials and other sensitive information by enticing users to visit a maliciously crafted web page.

US-CERT encourages users and administrators to review Microsoft Security Advisory 980088 and apply the suggested workarounds of running Internet Explorer in Protected Mode and setting the Internet zone security setting to High to mitigate the risk of unwanted information disclosure.